Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignmentâ€Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Essay Example

Thinking and Analysis Paper Assignmentâ€Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Paper Message body Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignmentâ€CMS 11, Sec. 8531 This task is a thinking and investigation paper. What you need to do is to choose one of the two films recorded underneath, and afterward build up a paper in which you investigate how both the corona impact (or the converse radiance impact) and the proposal communicated in Prof. Comila Shahani-Denning’s article are reflected in the film. Know that the radiance impact isn't generally about physical appearance. Likewise, in spite of the fact that the radiance impact and Shahani-Denning’s theory may appear to be comparative, they are not indistinguishable and ought not be treated as one thought in your paper. What You Have to Do Prepare for this Assignment 1. Peruse the accompanying article: Shahani-Denning, Comila. â€Å"Physical Attractiveness Bias in Hiring: What is Beautiful is Good. † Hofstra Horizons (Spring 2003): 15-18. (note: I discovered this article by googling the title. ) 2. Watch The Devil Wears Prada (2006) or Broadcast News (1987). 3. Compose a 3/12 to 4 page paper (in addition to a works refered to page; Times New Roman, 12 point text style; twofold separated) in which you answer the accompanying inquiry: How do the radiance impact (or the opposite corona impact) and Shahani-Denning’s theory apply to the presumptions and practices of the characters in the film just as to your own understanding or to today’s mainstream society? A decent paper will achieve the entirety of the accompanying (in spite of the fact that not really in the request recorded): 1. Accurately distinguish the alloted article’s proposal and give a succinct, powerful synopsis of the article that refers to at least two supporting models from the article. (Note: this may take you around one page); make certain to remember for text references in MLA when you refer to the article in your paper. . Clarify how the article’s theory identifies with the film. (Note be unmistakable when you relate the article’s proposition to the film; utilize explicit models from the film; make certain to refer to the film in your paper utilizing MLA design, too). 3. Clarify what the radiance impact (or the converse corona impact) is and how it influences discernment. (Note: you may utilize the definition from your course reading for the corona impact; make certain to refer to your content on the off chance that you doâ€this applies whether to utilize an immediate citation or reword what the content says). 4. Clarify how the corona impact (or the converse radiance impact) is delineated in the film. Once more, be explicit; every model should be depicted and refered to). 5. Clarify how the corona impact or Shahani-Denning’s proposal identifies with an individual encounter or to mainstream society. (Note: mainstream society implies whatever has a wide well known intrigue; types of amusement, for example, famous television programs, music media, even the nightly news are all piece of the mainstream society in the US). 6. Follow MLA rules for paper organization and reference design (remembering for text references and a last works refered to page). The last draft is expected Satur day, Dec. rd (The weekend following the Thanksgiving break). If it's not too much trouble Note: Late papers won't be acknowledged. For what reason would you say you are doing this? This task will assist you with learning how to apply an idea learned in class to your own life and society just as to acclimatize and combine data from an assortment of sources. Your paper will be stamped utilizing the Departmental Scoring Rubric (this will be taken a gander at in class). All papers will be transferred to Turnitin. com to be screened for literary theft (closeness report). Papers that are not submitted won't be evaluated. We will compose a custom exposition test on Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignmentâ€Cms 11, Sec. 8531 explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignmentâ€Cms 11, Sec. 8531 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignmentâ€Cms 11, Sec. 8531 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

It Was Not My Fault free essay sample

As expressed, the individuals who judge survivors of assault dependent on appearance are guileless, however it isn't on the grounds that they are awkward. It is on the grounds that, much of the time, they are not really taught regarding what assault is. Assault is characterized as â€Å"any demonstration of sex that is constrained upon an individual. † (Dictionary. com) The word â€Å"any† is available in the definition in light of the fact that the subsequent somebody says â€Å"no† to any manner by which somebody goes onto them, and the somebody seeks after, the occurrence is currently grounds to be called assault. Since the word â€Å"force† is in the definition, it is suggested that the aggressor must overwhelm the person in question. Assault is about force; not love, not sexual want, and absolutely not the victim’s appearance. The fantasy that â€Å"women incite rape by their appearance,† (Roger Williams University) is bogus. As a general rule, â€Å"[rapists] select casualties who are powerless and available. † (Roger Williams University) Rape is about the assailant feeling predominant over another being. We will compose a custom exposition test on It Was Not My Fault or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Many accept that â€Å"rape is brought about by desire or wild sexual inclinations and the requirement for sexual gratification,† (Roger Williams University) however as expressed already, assault is a demonstration of physical brutality. The aggressor isn't searching for sexual delight. Another normal misguided judgment of assault is that ladies will profess to be assaulted for consideration or pity. The awful piece of this fantasy is that â€Å"88 percent of these ladies [who are raped] are between the ages of 12 [and] 28. † (Dickson) This is a setback on these youthful ladies’ parts on the grounds that the years somewhere in the range of 12 and 28 are the years with which extraordinary measures of friend pressure are put on females. These are where youngsters are scanning for a personality, and this is the place individuals accept that they are â€Å"attention chasing. In truth, examines show that â€Å"false reports make up 2% or less of the detailed instances of sexual assault,† (Roger Williams University) and â€Å"only 1 out of 10 assaults are really announced. † (Roger Williams University) It is obvious through these examinations that most instances of rape and assault are not bogu s, and that when somebody shouts out for help in an assault case, it ought to be managed genuinely. Another reality that must be placed into thought is that assault isn't constantly dedicated by an outsider. In an ongoing report done by the Roger Williams University, it was discovered that â€Å"84% of ladies who are assaulted know their attackers; 57% were on dates. † This shows, while ladies despite everything should be mindful of the individuals around them who they are new to, they should be significantly increasingly careful of the ones they know all the more by and by. Even further, ladies should be careful on their first date with a renewed person, for they may never realize what his actual expectations are. A typical legend related with ladies and being assaulted is that â€Å"if a lady truly would not like to be assaulted, she could ward off her aggressor. (Roger Williams University) This isn't, in any case, valid. â€Å"The components of shock, stun, and dread of damage can overwhelm a survivor,† reports the Roger Williams Academy. Valid, there are careful steps that can be taken to maintain a strategic distance from any risk of being assault, yet one can never b e excessively certain. As indicated by Mary Dickson, one out of four ladies will be explicitly attacked in the course of her life, with right around a half million assaults happening in the United States every year. Ladies ought to never stroll in abnormal places alone, they ought to never leave a beverage unattended, and they ought to consistently be readied, the extent that self-protection goes, to avert any aggressor. Be that as it may, even with these careful steps taken, anything can occur. A lady must be prepared consistently. A fascinating thing to see on the issue of assault is the varying perspectives of people. In an examination done by Muehlenhard on sexual stalkers and their casualties, â€Å"60% of men announced that the lady had implied she was keen on dating him; just 16% of the ladies said they had so indicated. † This demonstrates, here and there, a man accepts that it is really worthy to explicitly attack or assault a lady since he accepts that she needed it! In an investigation done at a California secondary school, â€Å"54% of the young men there accepted that assault was legitimate in the event that they felt that the lady was being a bother. † (Warshaw) Another distinction among people is that â€Å"many times men will feel drove on while ladies won't have even an inkling that their activities are being deciphered as sexual. † (Warshaw) It is, in truth, a startling reality for ladies to need to live stressed over how they present themselves to the world because of a paranoid fear of being attacked or assaulted. Notwithstanding, ladies not just need to stress over being explicitly attacked, however they additionally need to stress over being verbally pestered by people in general for their appearance. Casualty accusing has gotten an exceptionally well known, extremely incorrect method of clarifying why ladies are assaulted. The casualty is never to fault for a situation of assault. Casualties don't request to be assaulted. They would prefer not to be assaulted. It is a demonstration constrained upon them without wanting to. In any case, in any case, society decides to take the path of least resistance to blame somebody. Exclusive, Michael Sanguinetti, went similarly as advising his understudies â€Å"that to forestall rapes, they ought to ‘avoid dressing like whores. ’† (Friedlander) This is horrifying to know about. In spite of the fact that Sanguinetti officially apologized for his activities later on, a gathering of individuals united together â€Å"to make it exceptionally evident that rape can transpire at whenever, regardless of how you dress or act. Furthermore, that it is never the victim’s issue. † (Bumgardner) And in this manner, SlutWalk was conceived. SlutWalk is â€Å"an global development concentrated on ‘eradicat[ing] casualty accusing from discussions about rape. † (Friedlander) SlutWalk is another development that was first excited in January 2011 after the issue with Sanguinetti. On April 3, 2011, in Toronto, Canada, the first SlutWalk was held with around 3,000 individuals who participate to â€Å"shift the paradigmâ of standard ass ault culture, which they accept centers around breaking down the conduct of the casualty instead of that of the culprit. † (Friedlander) Since the first SlutWalk, the development has spread to various nations and American states including â€Å"Chicago, Berlin, Cape Town, New Delhi, Mexico City, [and] New York City. (Friedlander) With associations, for example, SlutWalk starting to appear on worldwide levels, it will be astounding to see the world’s point of view on casualty accusing make a total turnaround. This will just occur, however, on the off chance that society will understand that assault has nothing to do with appearance, allure, or sexual intrigue. Assault will never be a reasonable activity. One doesn't assault a lady since she is explicitly engaging, nor does one assault since she drove him on. Assault is focused at a requirement for power, a need to feel solid and rule. The sooner individuals will understand this, the sooner they will have the option to f ree the universe of this abhorrence.

Metadata and Tools in American Express

American express assumes a significant job in helping traders to purchase and sell their products and ventures. It gives propelled installment administrations to its client’s travel and cost the board answers for all sizes of businesses.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Metadata and Tools in American Express explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More American express procedures a great many exchanges because of the high number of individuals around the globe. It additionally helps little venture proprietors in buying and controlling their accounts. American express additionally works one of the biggest travel systems for shoppers and organizations. Metadata is sorted out data that depicts, clarifies and finds information, and even makes information recovery simpler (Smiraglia, 2005). The information could be data about a company’s physical information, specialized and business forms. One of the significances of metadata is to guarantee consistency in definitions. Metadata establishes information that helps in separating terms, for example, a customer, and a client. Meta information additionally helps in guaranteeing the lucidity of connections. Meta information is basic in guaranteeing consistency while distinguishing the connections between elements put away in a database. Meta information likewise guarantees the clearness of information heredity. Metadata keeps up the capacity of data in the right organizations, area and steward. It is significant for a huge organization, for example, American express to have a dependable arrangement of information stockpiling. With its enormous number of clients, it is significant that the organization actualizes an information stockpiling framework that will help in compelling information stockpiling, recovery and control. With somewhat more than 104 million dynamic card clients, 63,500 representatives and resources worth $153 dollars, the organization needs to have a powerful and proficient information stockpiling framework. American express has grasped the utilization of trend setting innovation, whereby, customers pay for items on the web, a procedure that improves speed and comfort. Build up a significant level arrangement that portrays the means you would use to make undertaking level metadata The initial step that will be taken to guarantee simpler making of metadata is to accumulate enough data before starting the venture. It is essential to consider getting dependable information stockpiling assets that can suit all information, which is probably going to duplicate and expend huge circle space.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is likewise essential to comprehend the information as to parts of its planned reason, its legitimacy, assets used to make it, what it speaks to and how it will be introduced (Smiraglia, 2005). The subsequent advance in making the metadata is to audit different instances of metadata that have been fruitful. This is led by looking at how well different organizations store their information and use the metadata framework. This calculate helps deciding the most proper technique for the organization (Smiraglia, 2005). The following stage will include choosing the most fitting and effectively accessible assets. The assets to be utilized ought to have an easy to understand interface to improve simple convenience of the framework. This will be significant in decreasing the time taken to enter esteems in their particular fields. It will be prudent to initially utilize information assets that are effectively accessible while entering the information, to improve exactness. The last advance subsequent to entering the information is to parse the records. The parsing procedure audits all the qualities and structures of the record with a point of guaranteeing exactness. This is finished by distinguishing every single existing blunder in the metadata. It is critical to run the parsing procedure again and again until no mistakes are recognized. Create instances of metadata explicit to the setting of your picked association that would show how the metadata stack would be valuable inside setting of a specific execution The usage of metadata will assume a significant job in the information stockpiling and the board of American express. American express needs to store tremendous measures of information identified with the clients’ subtleties just as every single other exchange. All the data about the enlisted buyers and customers is put away in the company’s database. At the point when another customer joins to be a card holder, the person gives all their fundamental data, which is then put away in the database. All the exchange data that is completed utilizing the dynamic cards is put away in the company’s database. This information requires to be sort ed out in a predictable manner. On the off chance that the metadata is actualized, it will help in separating between phrasings which are near having a similar importance. The metadata will likewise assume the job of recognizing the connections between the information put away in the database. This will distinguish the connection between elements entered utilizing various words, however that have a similar importance. In the event that the metadata is executed at American express, it will permit space for controlling the information while making changes, erasing the information or accurately designing the information (Caplan, 2003).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Metadata and Tools in American Express explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another advantage that the American express will have from the usage of metadata and legitimate data the board is that it will have extra and snappier time to promote new items in the market. Furthermore, there will be smooth item information joining in the event of changes in the organization since information all information will be introduced together (Caplan, 2003). Also, the organization will have an away from of its presentation; subsequently, it will have the option to effortlessly screen changes in the market. Break down the job of ETL apparatuses in the general ace information the board venture Master information the board is the way toward making and overseeing information. Here, the association must have an ace duplicate that is alluded to as the ace information (Loshin, 2010). The ace information for the most part contains data about customers, representatives and items. The significance of ace information the executives is on the grounds that it offers one duplicate of information that is exact and obviously characterized. Without an ace information, there is a chance of having different duplicates of information that are not reliable with one another (Gordon, 2003). To guara ntee the protection of information put away, the association should enlist solid staff to deal with it. A portion of the instruments required for the execution of ace information the board incorporate ETL apparatuses, information quality devices, information profiling devices, database, web server, informing server, test the board server and the work process device (Loshin, 2010). The ETL device is utilized in the information joining segment of the ace information the executives usage to interchange, normalize and move information to the ace information the board center point. The greater part of the ace information the board merchants have the ETL device incorporated into the application while others have the ETL instrument introduced as a different application (Gordon, 2003). Framework factors that would assume a job in the choice of proper instruments that would add to the achievement of an ace information the executives venture inside the setting of your picked association As ex pressed previously, there are different apparatuses that are coordinated in the production of ace information the board ventures. Distinctive ace information the executives merchants use various kinds of apparatuses. There are various components that associations are required to consider while settling on a decision on the ace information the board combination instrument to use.Advertising Searching for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More One of the variables organizations need to consider incorporates the components that will be influenced by the usage of that apparatus. On account of American express, ETL is the best decision of reconciliation device since all the information is stacked in to one center where it must be gotten to by approved faculty. This is significant in guaranteeing information security and protection (Gordon, 2003). Another factor that organizations ought to consider in picking an ace information the executives incorporation device is the size of the organization. The mix instruments favored for little organizations may contrast from those picked for huge organizations. Huge worldwide organizations, for example, American express will go for the high standing MDM sellers in the market since they have a more extensive involvement with taking care of information the board difficulties (Loshin, 2010). Organizations ought to likewise think about their experience and past encounters in order to decide their presentation in the market. For littler measured organizations, the decision of the merchant may rely upon their reasonableness. Higher standing MDM sellers are probably going to charge more significant expenses when contrasted with the lower merchants in the market. It is significant for the organization to evaluate the vendor’s costs in the market to decide if they can bear the cost of the administrations (Dubov, 2007). Bigger global associations, for example, American express are not prone to think about the costs in the market, as they center more around the nature of the administrations being given (Loshin, 2010). Another factor that ought to be considered is the likelihood of progress in the administration of the organization. The administration decides how information is overseen, and how the qualities are included. On account of progress in the board, the apparatuses to be utilized ought to be able to store the historical backdrop of information (Dubov, 2007). The last factor that ought to be viewed as while picking the MDM seller is the accessibility of an information reinforcement framework. An enormous worldwide organization, for example, American express should have a dependable information reinforcement. References Caplan, P. (2003). Metadata Fundamentals: For All Librarians: Chicago: American Library Association. Dubov, L. (2007). Ace Data Management and Custom

An Exploration of Mob Mentality in The Visit - Literature Essay Samples

The actions involved in ‘mob mentality’ are a prominent and recurring trend in history, dating back to the beginning of human interaction. Complete social unity was once necessary for the survival and comfort of a group of people. Mob mentality is not solely â€Å"social unity† or the way in which people are influenced by their peers or a leader to behave and think a certain way; it usually includes an element of violence. People in a mob tend to forget their individual inhibitions and follow the impulses of the group, therefore making violent acts ‘easier’ to commit (due to the perceived lack of individual consequences). In the play The Visit, a town of impoverished people becomes the center of attention when a wealthy native comes back to exact long awaited revenge. She offers them a bargain that could save them and the future of their town for the price of one man’s head, sending the entire group into a tailspin centered on the decision of w hether to go through with the terms of the bargain or not. Friederich Dà ¼rrenmatt showcases the evolution of groupthink and the violence of mob mentality through the people of Gà ¼llen as they contemplate how to go about handling their portion of the bargain and begin to act in response to the deal presented to them. The Visit starts out with a group of people sitting by the town train station awaiting the arrival of the famous and immensely wealthy Claire Zachanassian, an event in which everyone in the town has taken part in. They hope to receive a sizeable donation from the heiress to save their wretched home. Upon Claires appearance, the expected gift is offered through a Faustian bargain that Zachanassian has waited years to present. At the town dinner party she calmly states, â€Å"One billion for Gà ¼llen, if someone kills Alfred Ill† (Dà ¼rrenmatt 35). Following a brief moment of shocked silence, the Mayor of Gà ¼llen stands up and retorts, â€Å"In the name of the town of Gà ¼llen, I reject your offer†¦ We would rather be poor than have blood on our hands.† This proclamation is met with tremendous applause (35). The ‘tremendous applause’ that the group immediately responds with is a signal of the townspeople’s affirmation of the Mayor’s re sponse to Claire’s offer, and serves as a primitive indication of the groupthink that is developed throughout the play. It is important to note that, often, mobs that commit acts of violence usually first come together as a group for a benign reason or commonality (such as this non-malicious agreement). While agreeing with the mayor’s decision provided the immediate consequence of getting no money and keeping a clean conscience, this agreement also biased the thoughts of each townsperson from the outset due to the influence of whatever the group and its leaders were also thinking. The expansion of groupthink and the behavior changes of the townspeople are further probed as Zachanassian awaits her justice. The actions of the Gà ¼lleners develop steadily throughout Act II, going from subtle behavior changes to actual physical intimidation (the closest they get to violence until that point). This change showcases the complexity of mob mentality and the evolution of group behavior. Dà ¼rrenmatt also incorporates significant foreshadowing that greatly adds to the suspense of the inevitable mob killing of Ill. It is very important to note that there is not a single, defined leader who directly interacts with the townspeople to influence these changes (as the Mayor did in Act I). There is also a direct contrast between the changes being experienced by the townspeople and Claire, as she is static during this act, continuing to order people around while sitting on her balcony and watching the townspeople below. She is not the â€Å"official† leader of group, but it is easy to argue that her unchanging presence and expectation of the completion of her bargain puts her in a position to (indirectly) influence the evolution of the townspeople’s behavior. These changes are also not shown through the entire group at once, but through smaller groups and then through the town leaders. At the beginning of the act, the audience sees Ill’s insecurity within his own family situation, as he tells his children that their mother could be there for them even if he was not. Customers then come into his store, wearing new, expensive clothing and proceeding to charge even more expensive items to their accounts. Ill notices and points out the fact that the day before, they could not afford any of those things. One of the customers responds, â€Å"It’s because we stand by you. We stick by our Ill. Firm as a rock† (41). These people are not charging such expensive things to their accounts because they have the money to pay for them or because they are in support of Ill; they are anticipating getting the money that they need to buy things such as these. Int eractions with the Police Officer, Mayor, and Pastor all add suspicion and evidence for Ill’s insecurity, as they too have new shoes, a gold tooth, and advice for ‘following the way of repentance’. The townspeople continue to deny that they are changing because of the money, but it is obvious to the audience that each of them has decided that someone else is going to complete the town’s end of the bargain. While this dominant groupthink is an important aspect of mob mentality, the real violence usually associated with mob action is inched towards at the end of Act II at the train station, when the townspeople come together to intimidate Ill into staying in town. While no one touches him, the crowd encircles him, making him feel as if he cannot leave. He misses his train because he thinks that one of them will hold him back if he tries to step off of the platform. The entire group coming together and acting the same way at this point shows that the â€Å"mob has made up its mind† and that the bargain is being accepted. Each individual townsperson came to the same conclusion, and even though such a conclusion is the opposite of what the town originally planned, the loss of individual consequence that a member of a mob experiences allows violence to come easier to everyone. The inescapable ending to the bargain is brought about by an act of true violence, under the direction of the Mayor as the distinct leader in Act III. Inevitably, the agreement is completed and the townspeople of Gà ¼llen get the check to save their town. The true emergence of Claire Zachanassian’s role as the indirect orchestrator for the formation of the mob is shown in Act III, when she is conversing with the Teacher and the Doctor. As they are detailing the devastation of their town, she calmly states an unexpected truth about their situation: â€Å"I own [the factories]I had my agents buy the whole mess and shut every business down†¦..I decided I would come back one day. Now I set the conditions, I drive the bargain† (71-72). She decided to force the town to betray one of their most respected members, after causing their economic downfall, for her long awaited vengeance. Her exclamation also points out the idea that she is the true, although somewhat indirect, leader, as she is the one setting the conditions of their agreement. Later, there is a town gathering in the Golden Apostle Hotel where a vote is tak en, unanimously in favor of killing Ill. The violence of murder is obviously going to occur, marking the final development in the escalation of the mob violence in Gà ¼llen. The Mayor leads the Gà ¼lleners by directly speaking about the crime that Ill has committed and saying that it is time for the town to exact justice upon the man who caused them their poverty. The Teacher reiterated this justification prior to the gathering when he told Ill, â€Å"The temptation is too great and our poverty is too wretched† (85). The townspeople huddle around Ill, and when they step back, he is dead. The completion of the escalation of violence ends with this group murder, an act committed by the entire mob, not just one person, and the bargain that they once fervently refused has been completed. Friederich Dà ¼rrenmatt showed the evolution of groupthink and the violence of a mob through Gà ¼llen as its people contemplated how to handle their portion of the bargain and began to act in response to the deal, which eventually resulted in the death of one of their most respected friends. In the final lines of the play, the consequences of the murder are already evident, as everyone prays together for the â€Å"preservation of peace and freedom†. Already being worried about losing their â€Å"good fortune† shows the effect that the murder had on them, even if they did it as a group. Each person will have to spend the rest of his or her life with the death of Alfred Ill on his or her conscience, as individual consequences come back when the mob dissolves.

Analysis Of The Awakening Questions - 2403 Words

Terra Dempsey AP Literature November 25th, 2014 Coghill The Awakening Questions 1. Edna’s role in this era of society is that of a housewife with the responsibilities of the house and taking care of the children. It had been expected of every woman at the time to cook, clean, and care for the house in general, and this is apparent within the first chapter when her husband, Leonce Pontellier, is expectant of her to follow behind him and do as she is told. 2. Mr. Pontellier is seeming to be strictly a man of business, and through his interactions witb Edna throughout the novel, it is apparent that he really does not know her or care for what she wants in her life as he stresses to her that she should be a â€Å"New Orleans Woman† and becomes concerned for her mental health when she begins to deviate from the expected behavior she was supposed to follow. This is also made apparent when he reacts to certain things she does throughout the novel such as when he becomes worried that the neighbors will think he is low on money when Edna decides to move out instead of being concerned about WHY she was moving out in the first place. That is not to say that he is a poor husband in terms of quality, and Edna had even said herself that he was the best husband she could have ever had at the time. 3. Edna is a woman who expresses her distaste for what women are expected to follow and it is shown that she wishes to lead a life of passion and excitement. It is apparent that her husbandShow MoreRelatedWolffs Analysis of Chopins The Awakening647 Words   |  3 PagesWolff’s Analysis of Chopin’s The Awakening In her essay Un-Utterable Longing: The Discourse of Feminine Sexuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening, Cynthia Griffin Wolff creates what Ross Murfin describes as a critical whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. (376) By employing a variety of critical approaches (including feminist, gender, cultural, new historicism, psychoanalytic and deconstruction) Wolff offers the reader a more complete (albeit complex) explanation of Edna PontelliersRead MoreEssay about Yaeger’s Critique of Chopin’s The Awakening1003 Words   |  5 PagesYaeger’s Critique of Chopin’s The Awakening In â€Å"‘A Language Which Nobody Understood’: Emancipatory Strategies in The Awakening,† Patricia Yaeger questions the feminist assumption that Edna Pontellier’s adulterous behavior represent a radical challenge to patriarchal values. Using a deconstructionist method, Yaeger argues that in the novel adultery functions not as a disrupting agent of, but, rather, as a counterweight to the institution of marriage, reinforcing the very idea it purports toRead MoreBehavioral Interventions Designed Reduce Sleep Difficulties1722 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The purpose of this study to investigate behavioral interventions designed to reduce sleep difficulties in a child. Positive bedtime routines and sleep restriction were successful in eliminating bedtime disturbances and nighttime awakenings in a five-year-old child sleeping problems. Positive bedtime routines included activities such as brushing teeth, taking a bath, picking out pajamas, and reading a story. Sleep restriction involved reducing the number of hours the child slept. WhileRead MoreHY 1110-101-6 Unit II assessment Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesanswering the multiple choice questions mark the correct response in Blackboard. 5. When answering the fill-in-the-bJank questions, type the correct response in Blackboard. a. If the answer is a formal name, give the full common name associated with the figure as written in the textbook, including proper capitalization and middle names or initials. 6. When answering the · written response questions please follow these requirements: a. Your answer to each question should contain a minimum 200-wordRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa1152 Words   |  5 Pagesbody shape and weight† (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013). In the United States alone, approximately 0.5-3.7% and 1.1-4.2% of women respectively suffer from Anorexia and Bulimia in their life time. The alarming statistics brings this question to light, â€Å"what is the cause of an eating disorder?† Numerous academic research and studies by scholastic specialists have pointed that the etiology of eating disorders can be traced to not one, but several factors. In fact, the risk of acquiringRead More Chopin Essays1578 Words   |  7 Pages The Struggle to Be a Womyn â€Å"Every step which she took toward relieving herself from obligations added to her strength and expansion as an individual† (93) The Awakening by Kate Chopin introduces the reader to the life of Edna Pontellier, a woman with an independent nature, searching for her true identity in a patriarchal society that expects women to be nothing more than devoted wives and nurturing mothers. In this paper I will describe Edna’s journey of self-discovery and explainRead MoreSt. Louis And New Orleans1606 Words   |  7 PagesLouisiana, Chopin was still far from having established herself as a writer whose work was commercially profitable. Under the advice of editors that a longer work would have a broader appeal, she turned again to the novel form, publishing The Awakening in 1899. The Awakening, however, received uniformly unfavorable reviews, and in some cities it was banned from library shelves. In St. Louis, Chopin was dropped by friends and refused membership in a local fine-arts club. Chopin had never expected such a stormRead More Critical Analysis of The Awakening Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis of The Awakening The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, is the story of a woman who is seeking freedom. Edna Pontellier feels confined in her role as mother and wife and finds freedom in her romantic interest, Robert Lebrun. Although she views Robert as her liberator, he is the ultimate cause of her demise. Edna sees Robert as an image of freedom, which brings her to rebel against her role in society. This pursuit of freedom, however, causes her death. Chopin uses manyRead MoreA Treatise Of Human Nature By David Hume1472 Words   |  6 Pagesidea is that the world comes alive as the mind encounters it and that the self is within, whereas Wordsworth sees the mind coming alive as it encounters nature and in this awakening, the self is found. In, A Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume writes, â€Å"†¦ to explain the nature of personal identity which has become so great a question in philosophy, especially of late years in England, where all the abstruser sciences are study’d with a particular ardour and application† (Hume 258). In this, Hume isRead MoreFrom A Young Age Humans Are Taught To Follow Certain Expectations1317 Words   |  6 Pageslook and act this specific way. While today s media has magnified this issue, the pressures of acceptance and social hierarchy based upon physical appearances and personality, this set image has prevailed throughout many eras. In the novel The Awakening, Edna realizes the confinements of her society and the expectations implemented of a nineteenth century married woman. In the beginning of the novel, her husband awakes her in the night notifying that their child is sick, He reproached his wife

Reward Based Learning on Depression-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Disucss about the Impact of reward based learning on depression. Answer: Introduction Anhedonia is the loss of interest in reward and pleasure during depression and has been found to correlate with dysfunctional reward responses across many behavioral tasks (4). Such tasks measure different aspects of anhedonia including, the anticipation and receipt of monetary rewards, the effort to achieve rewards and reward learning Anhedonia is one of the important forms of the major depressive disorders. It is a form of disorder where the patients lose their interest in the previously rewarded or the activities that were enjoyed by them (Zisner Beauchaine, 2016). The individuals who are suffering from the clinical form of depression often seen to lose interest in their hobbies, work, peer groups, family, food and even sex (Zisner Beauchaine, 2016). The disorder shuts the pleasure circuits of the brain. Several researchers observe this phenomenon as the hedonic function for the total amount of the pleasure that is possible for gaining from the single activity (Zisner Beauchaine, 2016). However, depression seems to reduce the hedonic capacity of the individual. The disease of Anhedonia refers to the reduced form of the ability that can be experienced in case to seek pleasure (Ianni et al., 2016). It has an effective form of place in the several forms of attributes of psychopathology since it has been described first by the previous century and still they can be feature of the several types of the psychiatric disorders that can lead o the maladaptive form of behaviors (Votinov et al., 2025). Anhedonia has been a part of the most extensity studied form of the major depression. However, it also contributes to one of the negative form of the symptoms for schizophrenia and other studies have observed Anhedonia as a form of the psychosis (McGorry, 2014). However, this mental disorder has been studied in the large range of the nuerophychiatric disorders that includes the Parkinsons disease, Bulimia Nervosa, Substance use disorders and the various forms of the behaviors that are risky (Ianni et al., 2016). Nevertheless, Anhedonia is considered to the main feature of the major depressive disorders as introduced by the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders that requires either the depressed form of the mood or the Anhedonia to be present to propose the current diagnosis (Votinov et al., 2025).. Moreover, it has been used for the lack of the reactivity and Anhedoia is the major criteria for diagnosis for the DSM IV melancholic form of the subtype of the major depressive and its presence have showed to be the predictive form of the response that are gained through the antidepressants (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). Absence in the specificity of the diagnosis can be regarded as the limiting form of the factor that has been implemented for defining Anhedonia as the pivotal feature of the major depressive disorders. The major development of the concept of endophenotype can be helpful for overtaking the limits based on the three notions (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). The patients who are suffering from any psychiatric disorders can be different more in the quantitative attribute than the qualitative attribute from the healthy individuals. Moreover, the disorders that are detected can be more extensively understood if there are any form of the risk factors that are related to the genes and the environment that can be related to the disorders that are obtained through the intermediate form of phenotypes (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). Lastly, endophenotypes are generally unspecific and they are based on the abnormal neurobiological mechanisms that are shared by the various disorders that are psychiatric. The endophenotypes that are involved in the more direct form of the neurobiological and the neuropsychological forms of the diseases that could help to find the link between the potential form of the link with the potential form of the potential risks that are more directly related to the major form of the depression (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). There are different forms of the qualities that are required for the qualities for using the trait for the endophnotype, that includes the sensitivity and specificity, heritability, presence in unaffected relatives, state-independence, biological plausibility, sound psychometric properties, and feasibility. Anhedonia is the loss of interest in reward and pleasure during depression and has been found to correlate with dysfunctional reward responses across many behavioral tasks. Such tasks measure different aspects of anhedonia including, the anticipation and receipt of monetary rewards, the effort to achieve rewards and reward learning. However, the depression may not be shut down from the pleasure circuits entirely (Luking Barch, 2013). The alternative form of the theory also suggests that anhedonia does not come from the reduced form of the capacity to experience pleasure, instead they arises from the instability for sustaining the good feelings over a longer period (Luking Barch, 2013). In other words, it can be said that the patients somehow are unable to experience pleasure fully and by experiencing pleasure, partially it becomes impossible to sustain the interest and the involvement of the several good things in life (Luking Barch, 2013). In case of the pathways to the pleasure, the geographic layouts of the brain are very complex (Pellissier et al., 2017). The areas that are associated with the reward and the motivation include the increase of the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex (Pellissier et al., 2017). It is evident that the nerve impulse travels to both the directions for maintaining the rewards and the motivation (Pellissier et al., 2017). This phenomenon is the feeling good signals that travels to the upper level of the prefrontal cortex, but the nerve fibers also sends their signals from the prefrontal and also sends the signal downwards to the nucleus accumbens (Haber Behrens, 2014). Some of the evidences suggest that the signals of the normal brain travels downwards to the prefrontal cortex and to the nucleus acumen that may sustain the interest of the in a very pleasurable activity (Haber Behrens, 2014). However, if this phenomenon can be generalized that it can be established from the fact that the brain that is depressed can be having trouble in usage o the PFC and to sustain the NA activity over a period of time (Haber Behrens, 2014). However, in todays world, Aaron Heller and his colleagues at the University of the Wisconsin and the University of the Reading have published their work that have their focus on the above phenomenon (Ianni et al., 2016). They have reported in their journal Proceedings of the Na tional Academy of Sciencesabout the new range of the functional magnetic resonance studies of the activation patterns of the brain of the depressed and the non-depressed patients (Votinov et al., 2025). The people who looked at the pleasant and the unpleasant structure of the neural pictures over a period of thirty seven minutes, however, the volunteers were not at all passive (Votinov et al., 2025). They were made to have the conscious form of the efforts that can be effective in the enhancement of the mood of the picture that is produced and that whether they are happy sad or very much indifferent. The study highlights some major factors of insight (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). Firstly, in case of the images that are positive, cannot be sustained from the normal brain no matter how much the individual try (Ianni et al., 2016). Secondly, there is sustainability of the activity in the neural acumens and there were associated with the reduced form of the activity in the prefrontal cortex (McGorry, 2014). Those people who were depressed could not sustain the neural activities that are reported for the less positive form of the responses that are emotional towards the observation of the pleasurable pictures (McGorry, 2014). Thirdly, a major form of difficulty was observed in the case of the sustaining the activity of the neural acumen were effectively associated with the reduced form of the activity of the prefrontal cortex. Fourthly, the patients who were suffering from depression who are observed to sustain the neural acumen are reported to have a higher level of the positive emotions in their everyday life (Votinov et al., 2025). Lastly, it has been observed that the deficit in the NA activity have their specific relationship with the positive form of the emotion. Background The major forms of the depressive disorders are the new form of the determinant that are introduced with the disability that have risen to the worldwide context (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). It has been seen that in the prevalence of the mood disorder is nearly about 20% in the United States (Balasubramani et al., 2015). The mental disorders named as depression are often associated with the impaired form of the rewards and the processing of the emotions. The empirical form of the evidences supports suggests that there are a aberrant functioning of the reward circuit of the brain that are specified for the dopaminergic inputs from the ventral form of the striatum (Balasubramani et al., 2015). The dopaminergic input of the ventral striatum represents the prediction of the rewards errors that are the difference between the experienced and the predicted form of the reward (Balasubramani et al., 2015). The rewards predictive errors provide the mechanisms for modifying the synapses in a certain manner that can be consistent with the reinforcement form of the learning of the algorithms. However, when there is a outcome that exceeds the expectations of the value that is expected that are associated with the option that are chosen for the that are increased that can be again chosen (Balasubramani et al., 2015). The phenomena can take place because there some central role that are in the form of the adaptive behaviors, the understanding of the signals of the RPE that are affected by the depression that are affected by the depression that are important for explaining the aberrant form of the behaviour that are seen in the people who are suffering from depression (Balasubramani et a l., 2015). Using a monetary reward probabilistic learning task, studies have found that both clinically depressed patients and those with elevated levels of depression show less responsiveness to positively reinforced stimuli compared to healthy controls. Therefore, the impaired ability to modulate behaviour as a function of prior reinforcement may be a promising target for intervention. The major forms of the researches have focused on the prior region of the interest. They consistently show the attenuated form of the RPEs in the period of depression. However, as depression is associated with the deficits in learning, it can be inferred that the reward processing anomalies are very much specific to the method of teach (Balasubramani et al., 2015). However, it remains very much unknown that whether depression reduces the signals of the RPE signals in the tasks without any significant learning requirement (Forrest Hokanson, 2013). Ventral striatum represents RPEs in nonlearning tasks and dopamine measurements in this area represent RPEs. Dopamine release increases ventral striatal blood oxygen leveldependent (BOLD) activity, while pharmacologic manipulation of dopamine modulates ventral striatal RPE signals. There are has specific form of the hypothesis that were focused on that the depression is attenuated by the signals of the RPE in any task without the significance of the components of learning (Forrest Hokanson, 2013). The previous forms of the studies have claimed that the phenomenon of depression is attenuated by the emotional reactivity (McGorry, 2014). However, in case of the individuals who are healthy, the variations in the RPEs are explained for the momentary form of the fluctuations of the mood. N addition, while there are manipulation of the effects of the dopamine also affects the association that exists between the rewards and the momentary form of the mood (Forrest Hokanson, 2013). These certain findings have essentially raised the question that whether the form of the depression are reduced by the impact of the emotional outcome of the RPEs in the absence of the learning (McGorry, 2014). The major focus is on the sequel of the dysfunction that exists in the reward related form of the signaling done by the dopamine that have given rise to the existence of the hypomania that can be a result from the state of the hyperdopaminergia (Balasubramani et al., 2015). This particular form of theory was derived from the early form of the observations of the agonists of the dopamine that are induced in the behavior that are more or less like mania in the individuals who comes from the non clinical backgrounds (Balasubramani et al., 2015). However, by compelling the form of the support from the recent form of the research it has been observed that the dopamine agonists have exacerbated the abnormalities in the learning that includes the prevalence of the high form of the risks, the high choices of the rewards and the euthymic individuals with the bipolar form of the disorder (Forrest Hokanson, 2013). One of the important form of the study have been the transitional study that have been suggested that the increase in the dopamine bioavailability in the blood pressure is due to the depletion of the dopamine transporters (DAT) that can be a result of the increased levels of the dopamine. The findings also are aligned to the earlier form of evidences from the lower form of the availability for the DAT n the dorsal caudate areas of the individuals who are untreated with blood pressure that indicates the abnormalities of the blood pressure that may result from the aberrant form of the dopamine reuptake mechanisms. There is several forms of the key rewards that have emerged from what have remained very much persistent across the various forms of the state of the mood excluding major depressive disorders. The MDD pathophysiology consists of the alterations of the several forms of the neurotransmitters and the neuroendocrine systems that are extensively reviewed being in the form of the monoamines like the dopamine, serotenne, the norepinephrine, and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (Forrest Hokanson, 2013). However, the alterations in the glutamate and the acetylcholine have been receiving the form of attention. The recent form of the progress in the functional form of the neuroimaging that have been started primarily with the Positron emmsion tomography has been enabled the researchers to identify some of the major form of the neuroanatornical correlates of the MDD that have been seen in the reduced form of the blood or the metabolism of glucose in the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulated and the caudate nucleus and all these are found for recovering the remissions. The findings from the images have been very well linked with the recent form of the anatomical post mortem assessments. One of the studies has found that there are decrease n the cortical thickness, the sizes of the neurons and the glia densities in the specific layers of the doesolateral and the orbifrontal regions that contains the monoaminergic afferents (Forrest Hokanson, 2013). The reduction in the glia in the prefrontal cortex have also been found in the post mortem tissues of the persons who are familiar with the MDD or the bipolar disorders that are compared with the schizophrenia or the healthy controls. After the identifying of the altered form of the neuroanatomical regions in the MDD, a few studies have also attempted to decipher the meaning of these changes in terms of behavior, which majorly includes the symptoms of the MDD such as the retardation of the psychomotor, the suicidal ideation and the sadness as well as the responses of the treatment. The scales can measure the severity of the MDD such as the Hamilton Depression Scale are those scales that does not correlate in a consistent form with the size of the change in the activation of the brain. Therefore, the scientists are the beginning for the focus on the separate form of symptoms or the neurotransmitters rather than the disorder as a whole (Forrest Hokanson, 2013). One of the study that was found was the degree of the blood flow that have decreased within the left side of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left anterior temporal cortex that are correlated in a negative form of severity with the negative symptom s that are rather than the score of the Hamilton Depression (Forrest Hokanson, 2013). One of the most conspicuous forms of any characteristics of the various forms of the organisms is the ability of the individual for reacting to the salient forms of the stimuli that possesses the ability to handle the appropriate form of the responses of the behavior (Custers Aarts, 2010). These responses can be maximized with the survival by the phenomenon of the avoidance that is threatening for the unpleasant events (Akiyam Yamawaki, 2017). The reward system of the brain, which is believed to have a major role in the controlling these behaviors, is actually a very complex circuit that have been containing by the limbic system of the forebrain and it forms a link between the midbrain aminergic (for example, dopaminergic and serotonergic) (Forrest Hokanson, 2013). There are numerous forms of study that are published for the documentation of the studies that have been the part of the neurobiological changes that are associated with schizophrenia and the other from of neuropsychiatric disorders that are characterized by disease of anhedonia but there are relative form of the specific form of the presence in the severity of anhedonia (Bradley et al., 2017). While there is a consideration of the Major depressive disorders and the schizophrenia they can be characterized by the various forms of the symptoms that are unlikely to form the neural factors that are mediating from the anhedonia that are also involved in the feelings of hallucinations and guilt (Custers Aarts, 2010). Therefore, due to the links of the single form of the genetic neural mechanisms there are some of the complex forms of the disorders that are related to the behaviors. However, in the recent form of the increased focus of the understanding of the neurobiology of the dimensions of the specific form of the behaviors, the dimensions are the mainly hedonic that are been altered by the psychiatric patients (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). There are substantial form of the evidence that the dopamine is in the form of the actor critic that has been use to offer the account that are involved in the reward learning and the appetite form of the conditioning of the main subdivisions of the systems of the midbrain dopamine. The moods disorders are collectively account for the substantial proportion of the disease of the burden across the globe and have a devastating impact on quality of life and occupational function. Here we evaluate recent progress in understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms involved in the manifestation of mood disorders (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). The disorders in the mood that are collectively for proportion of the burden of the disease those have the burden of the disease that have been devastating impact for the quality if the life and the functions of the occupation. There are most recent forms of the progress in the understanding in the mechanisms of the neurocognitive that are involved in the manifestations of the disorders of the of mood. We however, tend to focus on the four domains of the cognitive function that are altered in the patients with the depression that have the executive control, affective form of processing, memory and the feedback sensitivity. These alterations have implicated the distributed in the neural circuits that can be composed of the multiple sectors of the prefrontal cortex in the interaction with the subcortical regions and the temporal structures of the lobe (Pizzagalli, 2014). The affective form of processing and the feedbacks are the sensitivity is highly sensitive to the manipulation of the serotonergic manipulations that are antidepressant treatments (Custers Aarts, 2010). Therefore, by drawing together the cognitive, the pharmacological and the cognitive tiers of the research. Therefore, the directions of the future investigations to be identifying people that are at risk maximize for the long-term beneficial form of the outcomes who are suffering from the disease (Pizzagalli, 2014). There are various evidences that have suggests that insomnia can be the major reasons that may interrupt the brain mechanisms that are involved in the reward learning process. The adolescent age are the period due to which the disruption can be very much problematic and it can give rise to the incidences of insomnia that are faced by the ongoing form of the incidence of insomnia of the neural mechanisms that can effectually support the neural system of supporting the processing of the rewards (Ianni et al., 2016). One of the major forms of the possibility is that there are insufficient amount of sleep that affects the mental health of the adolescent people. From the past studies, it has been seen that there is a consistent form of the neuro development models realted to depression where there are symptoms of the insomnia can be seen in the early adolescents that later contributes to the symptoms of depression (Ianni et al., 2016). The future studies have determined that there are det ermined that whether there are non restorative form of the sleep that are the form of the nocturnal insomnia that have their unique form of effects on the development of the circuitry that are related to rewards and that are related to the depression during adolescents (Ianni et al., 2016). Purpose of the Study In the setting of the prison there are several reliance of the treatments that are found in the reliance of the punishment for the inappropriate form of the non compliant form of the behavior that are generally self evident (Custers Aarts, 2010). It s very much evident that there are a lot of similarity between the reliance of the punishment and the use of the reinforcements that are positive in nature increases the desired form of the behaviors (Pizzagalli, 2014). However, there are seldom that the inmate of the jail receives the positive form of reinforcement for the prosocial form of behavior. The study have provided an overview of the development and the implementation of the positive form of the reinforcement interventions that are seen in the males and the females who are undergoing the prison based form of the treatment programs (Custers Aarts, 2010). However, these factors have the major impacts on the ability of the designs that are randomized for the demonstration that are based on the effectiveness of the interventions. The usages of the reinforcements are the increased forms of the desired behaviors are also commonly known as the operant conditioning (Custers Aarts, 2010). It has a long form of the traditions that are applied in the literature of the behavior that can be managed by the contingency techniques and are widely used in the context of the treatment of the individuals who are drug dependent (Pizzagalli, 2014). However, these are used for providing the reinforcements that are effectively compete with the reinforcement of the drugs to promote the concepts of the drug abstinence and the alternative form of the behaviors that are not related to the drugs (Custers Aarts, 2010). The approaches of the CM have an impactful form of the support from the experimental research that are been taken into account for the promoting the behavior changes in the users of the substances (Akiyam Yamawaki, 2017). The meta analysis and the systematic form of the reviews of the experimental literature have always concluded that the techniques of the CM are always effective in sustaining the drug abstinence with the meta analysis that are consistent with the findings of the large effects of the treatment. It has been observed that within the setting of the prison there are no room for the ceiling effects that were previously stated (Pizzagalli, 2014). However, the prison-based drug that are used for the treatment programs are generally characterized by the low levels of the motivation and the engagement on the part of the inmates that are enrolled in them (Akiyam Yamawaki, 2017). However, there are no appropriate roles for the positive form of the reinforcement of the behavior that exists within the bad treatment of the prison that would be there to facilitate the various changes in the cognitive processes of the jail inmates (Sayegh Penberthy, 2016). The main purpose of the study is to know about the impact of the rewards learning on the depressive group of individuals. . The present study investigated reward learning as a function of familial depression risk and current diagnostic status in a pediatric sample. The mental disease name depression are also found in the jail inmates who are sentenced for a longer period. They feel low and they are not motivated in their life. Therefore, it is easier for them to succumb to the major depressive disorders. Therefore, to overcome the certain situation they need some form of the external motivation. Thus, the study illustrates one of the major technique to realize the depression of the individuals through the method of reward learning. The study is a form of comparative study where the comparison are drawn between two groups namely the depressive groups under punitive conditions and the healthy control groups under normal conditions. However, there are certain gaps in the chapter. In thi s chapter, the detailed background of the disease and the target group on whom the effect of the disease is observes are clearly analyzed. However, the effective measures and strategies that can be implemented to reduce the depression of the individuals under the punitive conditions are not addressed properly. However, how the method of reward learning helps to reduce depression will be analyzed in the literature review with the proof of past done studies. However, the whole discussion gives a very brief analysis of the whole research. The reasons and the purpose of the study is given in a illustrated way. The background of the research is given in a clear manner. It gives a clear picture about Anhedonia, its causes and the various impacts of the disease on the mental health of the individuals. The background also introduces about the concept of reward learning and how they are useful or not useful to reduce depression of the individuals. It has provided and also stated the concept and their importance about the present situation for which the scientists are doing their research in this genre. The purpose of the study aims to the impact of reward learning on the jail inmates and how they are affected by anhedonia and how they can overcome the situation. The researcher here have already mentioned that the background has been considered to be very important for the better understanding of the topic and their relevancy. References Akiyama, K. A., Yamawaki, S. (2017). Patients with major depressive disorder exhibit reduced reward size coding in the striatum. Andersen, C. J. J. S. L. (2016). Sensitive periods of substance abuse: Early risk for the.Neuropsychopharmacology,31, 1946-56. Balasubramani, P. P., Chakravarthy, V. S., Ali, M., Ravindran, B., Moustafa, A. A. (2015). Identifying the basal ganglia network model markers for medication-induced impulsivity in Parkinson's Disease patients.PloS one,10(6), e0127542. Balasubramani, P. P., Chakravarthy, V. S., Ravindran, B., Moustafa, A. A. (2015). A network model of basal ganglia for understanding the roles of dopamine and serotonin in reward-punishment-risk based decision making.Frontiers in computational neuroscience,9. Beard, A., Colombo, M., Wright, C. (2017). The Heuristic Identity Theory and Brain Reward Function: A Case of Mistaken Identity Theory. Binkley, K. A., Webber, E. S., Powers, D. D., Cromwell, H. C. (2014). Emotion and relative reward processing: An investigation on instrumental successive negative contrast and ultrasonic vocalizations in the rat.Behavioural processes,107, 167-174. Bonnelle, V., Veromann, K. R., Heyes, S. B., Sterzo, E. L., Manohar, S., Husain, M. (2015). Characterization of reward and effort mechanisms in apathy.Journal of Physiology-Paris,109(1), 16-26. Bradley, K., Ostrover, R., Mao, X., Kang, G., Shungu, D., Gabbay, V. (2017). 299. Inflammation, -Aminobutyric Acid Deficits, and Anhedonia in Depressed Youth.Biological Psychiatry,81(10), S123. Bronder, E. C., Speight, S. L., Witherspoon, K. M., Thomas, A. J. (2014). John Henryism, depression, and perceived social support in Black women.Journal of Black Psychology,40(2), 115-137. Bryant, J., Winer, E. S., Salem, T., Nadorff, M. R. (2017). Struggling toward reward: Recent experience of anhedonia interacts with motivation to predict reward pursuit in the face of a stressful manipulation.PloS one,12(3), e0173439. Carl, J. R., Soskin, D. P., Kerns, C., Barlow, D. H. (2013). Positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders: A theoretical review.Clinical psychology review,33(3), 343-360. Caspers, J., Mathys, C., Hoffstaedter, F., Sdmeyer, M., Cieslik, E. C., Rubbert, C., ... Michely, J. (2017). Differential Functional Connectivity Alterations of Two Subdivisions within the Right dlPFC in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in human neuroscience,11. Cavanagh, J. F., Mueller, A. A., Brown, D. R., Janowich, J. R., Story-Remer, J. H., Wegele, A., Richardson, S. P. (2017). Cognitive states influence dopamine-driven aberrant learning in Parkinson's disease.Cortex,90, 115-124. Chaby, L. E., Cavigelli, S. A., Hirrlinger, A. M., Lim, J., Warg, K. M., Braithwaite, V. A. (2015). Chronic stress during adolescence impairs and improves learning and memory in adulthood.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience,9. Chase, H. W., Kumar, P., Eickhoff, S. B., Dombrovski, A. Y. (2015). Reinforcement learning models and their neural correlates: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis.Cognitive, affective, behavioral neuroscience,15(2), 435-459. Chung, Y. S., Barch, D. (2015). Anhedonia is associated with reduced incentive cue related activation in the basal ganglia.Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral Neuroscience,15(4), 749-767. Custers, R., Aarts, H. (2010). The unconscious will: How the pursuit of goals operates outside of conscious awareness.Science,329(5987), 47-50. Dek, F. (2014). Neuronal vesicular trafficking and release in age-related cognitive impairment.Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences,69(11), 1325-1330. Dodell-Feder, D., Tully, L. M., Lincoln, S. H., Hooker, C. I. (2014). The neural basis of theory of mind and its relationship to social functioning and social anhedonia in individuals with schizophrenia.NeuroImage: Clinical,4, 154-163. Fodor, A., Kovcs, K. B., Balzsfi, D., Klausz, B., Pintr, O., Demeter, K., ... Zelena, D. (2016). Depressive-and anxiety-like behaviors and stress-related neuronal activation in vasopressin-deficient female Brattleboro rats.Physiology behavior,158, 100-111. Forrest, M. S., Hokanson, J. E. (2013). Depression and autonomic arousal reduction accompanying self-punitive behavior.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,84(4), 346. Fureix, C., Beaulieu, C., Argaud, S., Rochais, C., Quinton, M., Henry, S., ... Mason, G. (2015). Investigating anhedonia in a non-conventional species: Do some riding horses Equus caballus display symptoms of depression?.Applied Animal Behaviour Science,162, 26-36. Gallagher, S., Phillips, A. C., Lee, H., Carroll, D. (2015). The association between spirituality and depression in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities: Social support and/or last resort.Journal of religion and health,54(1), 358-370. Garca-Blanco, A. C., Perea, M., Salmern, L. (2014). Corrigendum to Attention orienting and inhibitory control across the different mood states in bipolar disorder: An emotional antisaccade task[Biol. Psychol. 94 (3)(2013) 556561].Biological Psychology,97, 68. Grissom, N., McKee, S., Schoch, H., Bowman, N., Havekes, R., Nickl-Jockschat, T., ... Abel, T. (2015, December). Male-Specific Reward Learning Deficits in a Mouse Model of Autism. InNeuropsychopharmacology(Vol. 40, pp. S293-S293). MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. Haber, S. N., Behrens, T. E. (2014). The neural network underlying incentive-based learning: implications for interpreting circuit disruptions in psychiatric disorders.Neuron,83(5), 1019-1039. Hall, S. B., Jones, L. K., Tyson, L., Woods, K., Keltz, A. (2016). The inflammatory hypothesis of depression: Implications for diagnosis and practice.Journal of Mental Health Counseling,38(2), 124-138. Hornung, O. P., Heim, C. M. (2014). Geneenvironment interactions and intermediate phenotypes: Early trauma and depression.Frontiers in endocrinology,5. Ianni, A., Eisenberg, D., Boorman, E., Constantino, S., Hegarty, C., Masdeu, J., ... Berman, K. (2016). M1. Dopamine Receptors and Presynaptic Synthesis Capacity Predict Behavioral Flexibility in Foraging Decision-Making in Humans.Neuropsychopharmacology,41, S116-S288. Keller, J., Young, C. B., Kelley, E., Prater, K., Levitin, D. J., Menon, V. (2013). Trait anhedonia is associated with reduced reactivity and connectivity of mesolimbic and paralimbic reward pathways.Journal of Psychiatric Research,47(10), 1319-1328. Kim, S. H., Yoon, H., Kim, H., Hamann, S. (2015). Individual differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment and neural activity during reward and avoidance learning.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,10(9), 1219-1227. Koch, S. P., Hgele, C., Haynes, J. D., Heinz, A., Schlagenhauf, F., Sterzer, P. (2015). Diagnostic classification of schizophrenia patients on the basis of regional reward-related FMRI signal patterns.PloS one,10(3), e0119089. Koesters, M., Guaiana, G., Cipriani, A., Becker, T., Barbui, C. (2013). Agomelatine efficacy and acceptability revisited: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomised trials.The British Journal of Psychiatry,203(3), 179-187. Khn, S., Gallinat, J. (2013). Does taste matter? How anticipation of cola brands influences gustatory processing in the brain.PloS one,8(4), e61569. Kujawa, A., Proudfit, G. H., Laptook, R., Klein, D. N. (2015). Early parenting moderates the association between parental depression and neural reactivity to rewards and losses in offspring.Clinical Psychological Science,3(4), 503-515. Lemoult, J., Castonguay, L. G., Joormann, J. (2013). I t is estimated that 16% of the general population experiences clinically signifi-cant depression (Kessler, Tat Chiu, Demler, Walters, 2005). In addition to their impact on affected individuals and their families, depressive disorders place a bur-den of almost $50 billion per year on the American economy, accounting for over 20% of costs for all mental illness (Stewart, Ricci, Chee, Hahn, Morganstein, 2003). In fact, compared to other physical and mental disorders, depression is the leading cause ....Psychopathology: From Science to Clinical Practice, 17. Levinson, A. R., Speed, B. C., Nelson, B., Bress, J. N., Hajcak, G. (2017). Authoritarian parenting predicts reduced electrocortical response to observed adolescent offspring rewards.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience,12(3), 363-371. Liang, C. W., Hsu, W. Y., Hung, F. C., Wang, W. T., Lin, C. H. (2013). Corrigendum to Absence of a positive bias in social anxiety: The application of a directed forgetting paradigm[J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 42 (2)(2011) 204e210].Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,1(44), 141. Lorenzetti, V., Solowij, N., Fornito, A., Ian Lubman, D., Yucel, M. (2014). The association between regular cannabis exposure and alterations of human brain morphology: an updated review of the literature.Current Pharmaceutical Design,20(13), 2138-2167. Luking, K. R., Barch, D. M. (2013). Candy and the brain: neural response to candy gains and losses.Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral Neuroscience,13(3), 437-451. Marazziti, D., Akiskal, H. S., Udo, M., Picchetti, M., Baroni, S., Massimetti, G., ... Dell, L. (2014). Dimorphic changes of some features of loving relationships during long-term use of antidepressants in depressed outpatients.Journal of affective disorders,166, 151-155. Masselink, M., Van Roekel, E., Oldehinkel, A. J. (2017). Self-esteem in early adolescence as predictor of depressive symptoms in late adolescence and early adulthood: the mediating role of motivational and social factors.Journal of youth and adolescence, 1-15. McGorry, P. D. (2014). PLENARY SESSION Prevention.BIOL PSYCHIATRY,75, 1S-401S. Meinzer, M. C., Hartley, C. M., Hoogesteyn, K., Pettit, J. W. (2017). Development and open trial of a depression preventive intervention for adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. Mies, G. W., De Water, E., Scheres, A. (2016). Planning to make economic decisions in the future, but choosing impulsively now: are preference reversals related to symptoms of ADHD and depression?.International journal of methods in psychiatric research,25(3), 178-189. Morgan, J. K., Guo, C., Moses-Kolko, E. L., Phillips, M. L., Stepp, S. D., Hipwell, A. E. (2017). Postpartum depressive symptoms moderate the link between mothers neural response to positive faces in reward and social regions and observed caregiving.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. Nawijn, L., van Zuiden, M., Frijling, J. L., Koch, S. B., Veltman, D. J., Olff, M. (2015). Reward functioning in PTSD: A systematic review exploring the mechanisms underlying anhedonia.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,51, 189-204. Olino, T. M., Silk, J. S., Osterritter, C., Forbes, E. E. (2015). Social reward in youth at risk for depression: a preliminary investigation of subjective and neural differences.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology,25(9), 711-721. Pan, Z., D Rosenblat, J., Swardfager, W., S McIntyre, R. (2017). Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Dopaminergic System Disturbances, Implications for Anhedonic Features of MDD.Current pharmaceutical design,23(14), 2065-2072. Pellissier, L. P., Ganda, J., Laboute, T., Becker, J. A., Le Merrer, J. (2017). opioid receptor, social behaviour and autism spectrum disorder: reward matters.British Journal of Pharmacology. Pizzagalli, D. A. (2014). Depression, stress, and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model.Annual review of clinical psychology,10, 393-423. Pizzagalli, D. A. (2014). Depression, stress, and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model.Annual review of clinical psychology,10, 393-423. Rothkirch, M., Tonn, J., Khler, S., Sterzer, P. (2017). Neural mechanisms of reinforcement learning in unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder.Brain,140(4), 1147-1157. Santesso, D. L., Steele, K. T., Bogdan, R., Holmes, A. J., Deveney, C. M., Meites, T. M., Pizzagalli, D. A. (2008). Enhanced negative feedback responses in remitted depression.Neuroreport,19(10), 1045. Sayegh, L., Penberthy, J. K. (2016).Group treatment manual for persistent depression: Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) therapists guide. Routledge. Szczepanik, J. E., Furey, M. L., Nugent, A. C., Henter, I. D., Zarate, C. A., Lejuez, C. W. (2017). Altered interaction with environmental reinforcers in major depressive disorder: Relationship to anhedonia.Behaviour Research and Therapy. Treadway, M. T., Pizzagalli, D. A. (2014). Imaging the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder-from localist models to circuit-based analysis.Biology of mood anxiety disorders,4(1), 5. Tremblay, L. K., Naranjo, C. A., Graham, S. J., Herrmann, N., Mayberg, H. S., Hevenor, S., Busto, U. E. (2005). Functional neuroanatomical substrates of altered reward processing in major depressive disorder revealed by a dopaminergic probe.Archives of general psychiatry,62(11), 1228-1236. Votinov, M., Pripfl, J., Windischberger, C., Moser, E., Sailer, U., Lamm, C. (2015). A functional polymorphism in the prodynorphin gene affects cognitive flexibility and brain activation during reversal learning.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience,9. Wang, T., Mukhopadhyay, A., Patrick, V. M. (2017). Getting Consumers to Recycle NOW!: When and Why Cuteness Appeals influence Prosocial and Sustainable Behavior.Journal of Public Policy Marketing. Wardle, M. C., Vincent, J. N., Suchting, R., Green, C. E., Lane, S. D., Schmitz, J. M. (2017). Anhedonia is associated with poorer outcomes in contingency management for cocaine use disorder.Journal of substance abuse treatment,72, 32-39. Wu, N., Wang, F., Jin, Z., Zhang, Z., Wang, L. K., Zhang, C., Sun, T. (2017). Effects of GABA B receptors in the insula on recognition memory observed with intellicage.Behavioral and Brain Functions,13(1), 7. Young, C. B., Chen, T., Nusslock, R., Keller, J., Schatzberg, A. F., Menon, V. (2016). Anhedonia and general distress show dissociable ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity in major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry,6(5), e810. Zayas, L. H., Sampson, M. (2014). Perinatal Depression Treatments for US Latinas: A Review of Research Findings. InPerinatal Depression among Spanish-Speaking and Latin American Women(pp. 65-82). Springer New York. Zisner, A., Beauchaine, T. P. (2016). Neural substrates of trait impulsivity, anhedonia, and irritability: Mechanisms of heterotypic comorbidity between externalizing disorders and unipolar depression.Development and psychopathology,28(4pt1), 1177-1208. Bibliography Admon, R., Pizzagalli, D. A. (2015). Dysfunctional reward processing in depression.Current opinion in psychology,4, 114-118. Bissiere, S., McAllister, K. H., Olpe, H. R., Cryan, J. F. (2006). The rostral anterior cingulate cortex modulates depression but not anxiety-related behaviour in the rat.Behavioural brain research,175(1), 195-199. Bissiere, S., McAllister, K. H., Olpe, H. R., Cryan, J. F. (2006). The rostral anterior cingulate cortex modulates depression but not anxiety-related behaviour in the rat.Behavioural brain research,175(1), 195-199. Carl, H., Walsh, E., Eisenlohr-Moul, T., Minkel, J., Crowther, A., Moore, T., ... Smoski, M. J. (2016). Sustained anterior cingulate cortex activation during reward processing predicts response to psychotherapy in major depressive disorder.Journal of affective disorders,203, 204-212. Carl, H., Walsh, E., Eisenlohr-Moul, T., Minkel, J., Crowther, A., Moore, T., ... Smoski, M. J. (2016). Sustained anterior cingulate cortex activation during reward processing predicts response to psychotherapy in major depressive disorder.Journal of affective disorders,203, 204-212. Dichter, G. S., Felder, J. N., Petty, C., Bizzell, J., Ernst, M., Smoski, M. J. (2009). The effects of psychotherapy on neural responses to rewards in major depression.Biological psychiatry,66(9), 886-897. Dunlop, B. W., Nemeroff, C. B. (2007). The role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of depression.Archives of general psychiatry,64(3), 327-337. Eshel, N., Roiser, J. P. (2010). Reward and punishment processing in depression.Biological psychiatry,68(2), 118-124. Forbes, E. E. (2009). Wheres the fun in that? Broadening the focus on reward function in depression.Biological Psychiatry,66(3), 199. Foti, D., Hajcak, G. (2009). Depression and reduced sensitivity to non-rewards versus rewards: Evidence from event-related potentials.Biological Psychology,81(1), 1-8. Hasler, G., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Snow, J., Meyers, N., Waldeck, T., Geraci, M., ... Drevets, W. C. (2009). Reward processing after catecholamine depletion in unmedicated, remitted subjects with major depressive disorder.Biological psychiatry,66(3), 201-205. Liu, W. H., Wang, L. Z., Shang, H. R., Shen, Y., Li, Z., Cheung, E. F., Chan, R. C. (2014). The influence of anhedonia on feedback negativity in major depressive disorder.Neuropsychologia,53, 213-220. McCabe, C., Mishor, Z., Cowen, P. J., Harmer, C. J. (2010). Diminished neural processing of aversive and rewarding stimuli during selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment.Biological psychiatry,67(5), 439-445. McCabe, C., Woffindale, C., Harmer, C. J., Cowen, P. J. (2012). Neural processing of reward and punishment in young people at increased familial risk of depression.Biological psychiatry,72(7), 588-594. McClure, S. M., York, M. K., Montague, P. R. (2004). The neural substrates of reward processing in humans: the modern role of FMRI.The Neuroscientist,10(3), 260-268. McFarland, B. R., Klein, D. N. (2009). Emotional reactivity in depression: diminished responsiveness to anticipated reward but not to anticipated punishment or to nonreward or avoidance.Depression and anxiety,26(2), 117-122. Pizzagalli, D. A., Iosifescu, D., Hallett, L. A., Ratner, K. G., Fava, M. (2008). Reduced hedonic capacity in major depressive disorder: evidence from a probabilistic reward task.Journal of psychiatric research,43(1), 76-87. Proudfit, G. H., Bress, J. N., Foti, D., Kujawa, A., Klein, D. N. (2015). Depression and event-related potentials: Emotional disengagement and reward insensitivity.Current opinion in psychology,4, 110-113. Reward Processing After Catecholamine Depletion in Unmedicated, Remitted Subjects with Major Depressive Disorder Gregor Hasler, David A. Luckenbaugh, Joseph Snow, Noah Meyers, Tracy Waldeck, Marilla Geraci, Jonathan Roiser, Brian Knutson, Dennis S. Charney, and Wayne C. Drevets Rogers, R. D., Ramnani, N., Mackay, C., Wilson, J. L., Jezzard, P., Carter, C. S., Smith, S. M. (2004). Distinct portions of anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex are activated by reward processing in separable phases of decision-making cognition.Biological psychiatry,55(6), 594-602. Sescousse, G., Cald, X., Segura, B., Dreher, J. C. (2013). Processing of primary and secondary rewards: a quantitative meta-analysis and review of human functional neuroimaging studies.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,37(4), 681-696. Sescousse, G., Cald, X., Segura, B., Dreher, J. C. (2013). Processing of primary and secondary rewards: a quantitative meta-analysis and review of human functional neuroimaging studies.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,37(4), 681-696. Smoski, M. J., Felder, J., Bizzell, J., Green, S. R., Ernst, M., Lynch, T. R., Dichter, G. S. (2009). fMRI of alterations in reward selection, anticipation, and feedback in major depressive disorder.Journal of affective disorders,118(1), 69-78. Tremblay, L. K., Naranjo, C. A., Graham, S. J., Herrmann, N., Mayberg, H. S., Hevenor, S., Busto, U. E. (2005). Functional neuroanatomical substrates of altered reward processing in major depressive disorder revealed by a dopaminergic probe.Archives of general psychiatry,62(11), 1228-1236. Whitton, A. E., Treadway, M. T., Pizzagalli, D. A. (2015). Reward processing dysfunction in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.Current opinion in psychiatry,28(1), 7. Zhang, W. N., Chang, S. H., Guo, L. Y., Zhang, K. L., Wang, J. (2013). The neural correlates of reward-related processing in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.Journal of affective disorders,151(2), 531-539. Zhang, W. N., Chang, S. H., Guo, L. Y., Zhang, K. L., Wang, J. (2013). The neural correlates of reward-related processing in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.Journal of affective disorders,151(2), 531-539. Zhang, W. N., Chang, S. H., Guo, L. Y., Zhang, K. L., Wang, J. (2013). The neural correlates of reward-related processing in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.Journal of affective disorders,151(2), 531-539.

Choosing the Best Human Relations Essay Topics

Choosing the Best Human Relations Essay TopicsHuman relations essays are one of the most popular college writing subjects because of their scope. You can include all sorts of different topics that cover many aspects of everyday life. However, there are a few things to keep in mind as you start your essay.This can be difficult to do if you haven't written any essays in the past. Therefore, it is highly recommended that you review your essay topics before you begin. It will make sure that you don't go off on too many tangents and you stay on topic. And as always, writing about yourself is a good way to start; this is because you can always go back and edit what you wrote.The main point of an essay should be to convey a message to the reader. Therefore, if you want to communicate your thoughts clearly and effectively, then it is important that you know the best way to present it. Here are some tips on how to decide which topic to write about:Make sure to choose a topic that you enjoy wr iting about. Remember, this is what your essay is about. If you don't enjoy it, then why would anybody else? Therefore, research the topic and try to determine whether or not you would enjoy writing about it.Next, you should decide what kind of writing style you prefer. If you are not a native English speaker, then you may need to focus on using metaphors, comparisons, or lists. If you are confident enough in your speaking and writing skills, then you might want to use colloquial or informal speech and writing to help you present your ideas.What would you like to say about your experiences with people and their unique experiences? Write about specific types of people. You can use letters, descriptions, statistics, orsurveys to identify particular individuals or groups of people. Include information that might help the reader come to a conclusion about what they should expect from the people involved.As you may have noticed, when it comes to different people, there are some that take a lot longer to develop. Perhaps you will want to write about a specific situation that occurred during your time in college. Or perhaps it could be a situation that occurred over time.Remember, there are many different human relations essay topics. Which ones you choose will depend on your personality and personal experiences.